ACID AND BASES
This time I will share knowledge about acid and base, some of
the main topics I will discuss this timeare Acid and Base Definition, Acid and
Bas..e Theory, Acid and Base Properties, and Acid and Base Balance.
FIRSTLY " DEFINITION ACID AND
BASES"
The word acid is derived from the Latin " acidus"
which means sour. Acid is a substance (compound) that causes sourness in
various materials. Bases are substances (compounds) that can act with acids,
producing a compound called salt. While the base is the substances that can
neutralize the acid. Chemically, acids and bases are opposite each other. Base
properties are generally shown from bitter taste and slippery. Acids and bases
are very closely related in our life, in the human body there is also acid base
balance to adapt and keep it function properly. For example just like stomach
acid that can kill the microorganisms found in the food we consume. Likewise
with our daily lifestyle is very often confronted with acid-base, such as
vinegar, soft drinks, oranges, acid batteries. Whilesoap and fertilizer
manufacture materials that are alkaline. Some certain animals also defend
themselves by producing a base, such as a wasp sting.
SECOND "THEORY OF ACID AND
BASES"
The theory of acid-base is proposed by some scientists,one of
them is Arrhenius Theory which says acid is a property which is a compound
which can release hydrogen ion (H) if dissolved in water, while base is a
property which is in the form of compound which can release ion Hydroxide (OH-)
when dissolved in water. The acid-base reaction (neutralizing reaction) is a
H2O-forming reaction of H- and Hydroxide (OH-) ions. Other theories put forward
are Bronsted-Lowry Theory which says the acid is a compound that can give
protons (H) to other compounds, while the base can receive protons (H) from
other compounds. The acid-base reaction is the reaction of proton transfer from
one compound to another. The last theory is Lewis theory which says Acid is a
compound that can Accepting pairs of free electrons from other compounds, whereas
Bases are compounds that can givefree electron pairs to other species
(compounds). The acid-base reaction is the reaction of bond formation
between acid and base.
THIRD "ACIDS AND BASES PROPERTIES"
1. The properties of
acids are:
It tastes sour / sour Corrosive or destructive When dissolved
in water can produce H + ions or hydrogen ions and negatively charged acidic
acid ions. When tested with a blue
litmus paper indicator it can turn the litmus red. Where as if tested with a
red litmus paper indicator, the litmus paper will not change color. An
indicator is a means to indicate a substance whether acidic or basic.
2. Properties of bases are: Bitter taste It is caustic or can
damage the skin When dissolved in watermay produce OH-ions or hydroxyl ions and
metal ions or other negatively charged groups. When the OH ion is almost
entirely released or its ionisation is perfect, it includes a strong base or is
said to have a low acidity andvice versa.
When tested with an indicator in the form of a red litmus, it will
change the color of the litmus to blue, while with blue litmus paper, will not
change the color of the litmus paper.ï
AND THE LAST "ACID AND BASES
BALANCE"
Acid and alkaline balance is present in some living
organisms, for example humans. The acid-base balance is homeostasis of hydrogen
content in the body. Normal levels of hydrogen ions (H) in the blood are 4x10-8
or with pH =7.4. This balance is important for controlling the affinity of Hb
to O2 (binding ability), which when acid and base balance disturbances occur in
the body, it will disrupt some systems such as respiration and digestion
Circumstances where the concentration of hydrogen ions or pH is too high,
called acidosis, the circumstances under which the concentration of hydrogen
ions or pH is too low is calledalkalosis. In order not to happen the two
abnormalities it is necessary special regulator, namely: The acid-base buffer
system that immediately combines with an acid or base which will in turn
prevent pH change or excessive hydrogen ion concentration. If the hydrogen ion
concentration changes, the respiratory center in the brain will be stimulated
or stimulated to alter the breathing rate in the lungs, which will result in
changes in the carbon dioxide release rate of the body, which will make the
hydrogen ion concentration return to normal. Changes in the concentration of
hydrogen ions will also cause the kidneys to remove acidic or base urine
depending on what compounds are excessive, thus helping the concentration of
hydrogen ions in the body fluids back nomal. This buffer system can work in a
fraction of a second to prevent excessive changes in the hydrogen ion
concentration. In contrast the respiratory system takes 1-3 minutes to adjust
the ionic hydrogen concentrationafter a sudden change. Then the kidney, which
is the strongest acid-base component, takes several hours to more than 24 hours
to re-adjust the hydrogen ion concentration.
